Search:
Early AI research emphasized the optimization of search algorithms. This approach made a lot of
sense because many AI tasks can be solved effectively by defining state spaces and using search
algorithms to define and explore search trees in this state space. Search programs were frequently
made tractable by using heuristics to limit areas of search in these search trees. This use of heuristics
converts intractable problems to solvable problems by compromising the quality of solutions; this
trade off of less computational complexity for less than optimal solutions has become a standard
design pattern for AI programming. We will see in this chapter that we trade off memory for faster
computation time and better results; often, by storing extra data we can make search time faster, and
make future searches in the same search space even more efficient.
What are the limitations of search? Early on, search applied to problems like checkers and chess
misled early researchers into underestimating the extreme difficulty of writing software that performs
tasks in domains that require general world knowledge or deal with complex and changing
environments. These types of problems usually require the understanding and then the
implementation of domain specific knowledge. In this chapter, we will use three search problem
domains for studying search algorithms: pat
In this chapter, we will use three search problem domains for studying search algorithms: path
finding in a maze, path finding in a graph, and alpha-beta search in the games tic-tac-toe and chess.
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